Fluoride is either applied topically to erupted teeth or ingested orally during teeth development. This prevents tooth decay,  strengthens teeth enamel and reduces  the harmful effect of plaque. It also makes the entire tooth structure more resistant to decay  and promotes remineralization which aids in early  decay before the damage is visibly seen.

Where is fluoride found ?

Topical fluoride : Topical fluoride is found in the following sources :

• Found in products containing mild ( available over the counter) or strong ( by prescription) concentrates of fluoride. Example is toothpastes or mouthrinses.
• Fluoridated vanishes and gels either applied topically  by a dentist  or other oral health care professionals. It can be also prescribed as an at-home regimen for children with a high risk of dental caries.

Systemic sources :This includes

• Public and private water supply
• Soft drinks
• Teas
• As dietary supplement
• Some bottled water supplies

The systemic fluoride is absorbed  through the gastrointestinal tract once ingested  and distributed  and deposited  throughout the body through the blood supply.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry  recommends that children between the  ages of 6 months  and 16 years take some form of  fluoride everyday. If  your child drinks bottled water, talk to your doctor about  using a product that contains fluoride. Your pediatrician or dentist will determine if your child is not getting enough fluoride and prescribe fluoride supplements. The amount of fluoride prescribed  is based on the child’s  age and the amount of fluoride in drinking water.

What are the health risk associated with fluoride use ?

Fluoride consumption is safe in general. Health risk associated with fluoride  are usually limited to  misuse  and over concentration. To avoid misuse and over concentration :

• Avoid drinking overly fluoridated  water. This can cause the teeth to become discolored . It can also cause enamel and teeth to look spotted , spitted or  stained.
• Avoid swallowing tooth paste and other dental hygiene products.
• Call the local water department and / or health department to evaluate  the fluoride level in your local drinking reservoir.

Children are especially vulnerable  to dental fluorosis . This is because their developing teeth is more sensitive to higher fluoride levels. Fluorosis only occurs in developing teeth not those that have already erupted. Consult your pediatrician or doctor if you see changes in your child’s teeth.