Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus that often appear during childbearing age. They are also known as leiomyomas or myomas. The growth of fibroids vary. They may grow slowly or rapidly or remain the same. Some grow in spurts and some may shrink on their own. Most people who have fibroids do not know because it is  usually asymptomatic.
 

Can fibroids decrease fertility ?

Certain types of fibroids are known to decrease fertility. These are fibroids that are inside the uterine cavity. Very large fibroids which are greater than 6 cm in diameter  that are located inside the wall of the uterus are also known to decrease fertility. Most women with this benign tumor are not at risk of infertility. It is therefore essential for women with fertility problems to find out the other causes of their problem.

How does fibroids affect fertility ?

These are various ways in which fibroids can affect fertility

• it changes the shape of the uterus and interferes with sperm motility
• it blocks the fallopian tubes
• if the fibroid is located above the cervix, it may cause some changes in the shape of the cervix  and affect the number of sperms that can travel through it
• it may affect blood flow to the part of the uterus where the embryo will implant
• it can cause changes in the uterine muscles which may in turn  prevent the movement of the sperms or the embryo

What happens to fibroids during pregnancy ?

Fibroids do not always increase in size and cause pregnancy complications. Infact they usually increase during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and decrease in size as pregnancy progresses.

In some cases however, they may outgrow their blood supply and cause intense pain during pregnancy. This may lead to hospitalization. They can also lead to the following :

• change baby’s presentation
• preterm delivery
• miscarriage
• increased risk for cesarean section

Your doctor will decide on how to manage fibroids during pregnancy. Surgery is rarely needed or performed during pregnancy.